Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)

Family: Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss.)
Morphological structure
Stems - erect, ramified, with spread-apart or downward-pointed hairs, up to 60 cm. Leaves lyre-shaped pinnatifid, both surfaces with ovate, irregularly dentate lobes, side lobes increasing in size toward the tip, end lobes very large. Flowers Pale yellow or white, veined violet or dark yellow, in clusters of few blossoms. Sepals erect, adjacent to the floral leaves. The 4 petals are spread out diagonally forming a cross shaped corolla. Raceme simple, elongated.
Indeterminate cluster with stalked flowers. 
Development
Seeds
Germination in spring. Seeds are round to oval, yellowish to dark brown and black.
Seeds. Fruit
Dry dehiscent pod-like fruit which is longer, often many times than broad, having the shape of an elongated pouch.
Biological features
Seed germination depth 2-5 cm. Viability of Seeds > 10 years.; Propagation 160-2500 seeds/plants.
Environmental conditions Germination temperature - minimum +2 + 4° С; the seeds germinate spontaneously only after hibernation, having a resting period of 6-8 months.
Spread
It is very widespreaded throughout Ukraine, especially in Polissya and in the northern part of the forest-steppe. Clogs the spring crops (barley, oats, peas, flax, lupine). It also grows in cities, in forest stands, near roads, and so on. Good honey and oilseed, but unsuitable as green food.